Istanbul Archaeology Museum - İskender Lahdi(Alexander Sarcophagus, 亞歷山大大帝石棺)

Istanbul Archaeology Museum İskender Lahdi(Alexander Sarcophagus, 亞歷山大大帝石棺)

伊斯坦堡國立考古學博物館鎮館之寶 " 亞歷山大大帝石棺"

1887年在黎巴嫩的西頓發現的古代斐尼基王室墓地裡的石棺之一，被推測為西元前305年左右製作。石棺上的雕刻以亞歷山大大帝為題材，因此雖然不是亞歷山大的石棺，但仍被取了這個名子。

The Alexander Sarcophagus is a late 4th century BC Hellenistic stone sarcophagus adorned with bas-relief carvings of Alexander the Great.^[1] The work is remarkably well preserved and has been celebrated for its high aesthetic achievement. It is considered the outstanding holding of the Istanbul Archaeology Museum.^[2]

The sarcophagus is constructed of Pentelic marble retaining traces of its polychromy, in the form of a Greek temple.
The carvings on one long side of the piece depict Alexander fighting the Persians at the Battle of Issus. Volkmar von Graeve has compared the motif to the famous Alexander Mosaic at Naples, concluding that the iconography of both derives from a common original, a lost painting by Philoxenos of Eretria.^[8] Alexander is shown mounted, wearing a lionskin on his head, and preparing to throw a spear at the Persian cavalry. The "historicity" of the figures accepted by von Graeve seems to Karl Schefold to be less stressed than the mythic content of battle and royal hunt, but some scholars believe that a second mounted Macedonian figure near the center represents Hephaestion, Alexander's older close friend. A third mounted Macedonian figure is often identified as Perdiccas.
The opposite long side shows Alexander and the Macedonians hunting lions together with Abdalonymus and the Persians.
The short ends lead the eye towards the mythic lion hunt: one short end portrays a scene in which Abdalonymus is hunting a panther; the other short end depicts a battle, perhaps the Battle of Gaza, in which case the pediment above that end would be showing the murder of Perdiccas. The pediment on the lid above shows Abdalonymus in battle.